College Composition CLEP Prep Practice Exam

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What is a logical fallacy?

An argument that is substantiated by scientific evidence
An incorrect conclusion based on faulty reasoning
A rational argument grounded in emotion
A persuasive appeal to the audience

The correct answer is: An incorrect conclusion based on faulty reasoning

A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning in which the conclusion does not necessarily follow from the premises. Option A is incorrect because a logical fallacy can occur even when scientific evidence is used. Option C is incorrect because although emotions can be used in arguments, they cannot be considered as a rational argument by themselves. Option D is incorrect because a logical fallacy does not necessarily persuade the audience, rather it is a mistake in reasoning. Therefore, option B is the only correct explanation for what a logical fallacy is.