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How does the introduction of an argumentative essay establish a claim or claims?

  1. By providing the background of the topic

  2. By summarizing the key points of the argument

  3. By presenting an authoritative voice

  4. By clearly stating the main point or argument

The correct answer is: By clearly stating the main point or argument

The introduction of an argumentative essay establishes a claim or claims by clearly stating the main point or argument of the essay. Option A is incorrect because while providing background information can help set the context for the essay, it does not directly establish a claim. Option B is incorrect because summarizing key points can be done in other sections of the essay and does not necessarily establish the main argument. Option C is incorrect because while an authoritative voice can add credibility to the essay, it is not the same as explicitly stating a claim. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.